Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a small vessel disease caused by poorly controlled blood glucose, and it is a leading cause of vision loss in people with diabetes. When severe, ophthalmologists inject anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents into the eye to quickly halt eye damage. However, these anti-VEGF agents work only locally in the eye and do not lower systemic VEGF levels.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a protein that stimulates new blood vessel formation. High glucose levels increase VEGF and contribute to the formation of abnormal blood vessels that cause eye complications, including macular edema and diabetic retinopathy. However, it is essential to lower excessive VEGF levels throughout the body. Fortunately, certain foods, supplements, and lifestyle actions help lower VEGF levels naturally.
Polyphenol-Rich and Other Foods
- Green Tea (EGCG) contains epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major catechin that inhibits VEGF-induced signaling pathways in endothelial cells. This powerful antioxidant may lower VEGF and reduce inflammation.
- Blueberries, strawberries, and blackberries are rich in anthocyanins like resveratrol, which inhibits VEGF expression and angiogenesis in various cancer cell lines.
- Allium vegetables like garlic and onions contain sulfur compounds that may help reduce VEGF. Kale, spinach, and other leafy greens provide lutein and zeaxanthin, which support eye health and may influence VEGF levels.
- Quercetin in apples and onions may reduce inflammation and VEGF expression.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
- Omega-3-rich fish like salmon and mackerel have polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have been associated with reduced inflammation and harmful retinal angiogenesis, suggesting a potential role in lowering VEGF levels.
Curcumin
- Curcumin, which is found in turmeric, may reduce VEGF and inhibit new blood vessel formation.
Vitamins
- Studies have demonstrated that first-level antioxidant vitamins C and E can prevent the induction of VEGF and its receptor VEGFR-2 in endothelial cells exposed to high cholesterol conditions.
- Higher-level antioxidants like N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and R-lipoic acid may help lower VEGF through their antioxidant properties.
Melatonin
- Melatonin has been shown to decrease VEGF blood levels in advanced cancer patients, indicating its potential anti-angiogenic properties.
Lifestyle Changes
- Glucose Management keeps blood sugar levels stable and helps reduce VEGF production.
- An Anti-Inflammatory Diet like the Mediterranean diet is an excellent option for reducing VEGF.
- Regular exercise regulates blood sugar and lowers inflammation, impacting VEGF levels.
Conclusion
Reducing VEGF levels is essential for people with diabetes to protect their eyes and overall health. Specific foods, supplements, and healthy lifestyle choices can help manage VEGF levels naturally. If you have diabetic retinopathy or other complications, consult your healthcare provider before making any significant changes to your diet or supplement routine.